Three critical vulnerabilities have been discovered in the NVIDIA NeMo Framework, posing a risk of remote code execution that could jeopardize AI systems and enable data manipulation.
Classified as CVE-2025-23249, CVE-2025-23250, and CVE-2025-23251, these security issues each carry a CVSS base score of 7.6, reflecting a high level of severity for users of the widely adopted generative AI platform.
NVIDIA issued security patches on April 22, 2025, and strongly advises users to update their systems immediately to prevent potential exploitation on Windows, Linux, and macOS.
High-Severity Vulnerabilities Found in NVIDIA NeMo Framework
The first vulnerability, CVE-2025-23249, arises from unsafe deserialization of untrusted data (CWE-502), potentially allowing remote attackers to execute arbitrary code. By manipulating serialized objects, an attacker could inject malicious code during data processing.
According to NVIDIA’s official security bulletin:
“NVIDIA NeMo Framework contains a vulnerability where a user could cause a deserialization of untrusted data via remote code execution. A successful exploit might lead to code execution and data tampering.”
The second flaw, CVE-2025-23250, involves improper path validation (CWE-22). It could enable attackers to perform arbitrary file writes through path traversal techniques, possibly overwriting critical files or injecting malicious configurations. This could compromise AI workflows by hijacking training pipelines or poisoning datasets.
The third issue, CVE-2025-23251, is tied to improper control of code generation (CWE-94), which also opens the door to remote code execution. This is particularly alarming in the context of generative AI, where code boundaries must be strictly enforced to prevent unauthorized execution.
NVIDIA credited Peng Zhou of Shanghai University for identifying and reporting all three vulnerabilities in April 2025.
| CVEs | Affected Products | Impact | Exploit Prerequisites | CVSS 3.1 Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2025-23249CVE-2025-23250CVE-2025-23251 | NVIDIA NeMo Framework (Windows, Linux, macOS; all versions before 25.02) | Remote code execution, data tampering | Remote attacker with required user interaction | 7.6 (High) |
All three vulnerabilities share identical attack vector metrics (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L), meaning they can be exploited remotely with low complexity, no required privileges, and some user interaction.
The NeMo Framework — a scalable, cloud-native platform for generative AI — is widely used by researchers and developers working with large language models (LLMs), multimodal models, speech recognition systems, and computer vision applications.
NVIDIA has released version 25.02 to address these vulnerabilities and strongly urges all users to update immediately.
Security experts recommend that organizations using the NeMo Framework take the following actions:
- Upgrade to version 25.02 without delay
- Audit AI systems for signs of compromise
- Strengthen security measures around AI development pipelines
- Monitor systems closely for unusual or suspicious activity
These vulnerabilities underscore the increasing need for robust security practices in AI development frameworks as they become integral to critical business operations and research efforts worldwide.
